The Right Honourable Richard Wagner, P.C., Chief Justice of Canada

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The Right Honourable Richard Wagner is the 18th Chief Justice of Canada. In this role, he presides over the Canadian Judicial CouncilCanadian Judicial Council, National Judicial InstituteNational Judicial Institute and chairs the Advisory Council for the Order of CanadaAdvisory Council for the Order of Canada. Chief Justice Wagner was president of the Association des Cours Constitutionelles Francophones from 2019 to 2022. The Chief Justice also fulfilled his duty to serve as administratoradministrator of the Government of Canada from January 23 to July 26, 2021.

Born and raised in Montreal, Chief Justice Wagner earned his Bachelor of Social Science and Licentiate in Laws at the University of Ottawa. He returned to his home town to practice law from 1980 to 2004. His areas of specialization included professional liability, commercial litigation and class action lawsuits. As a litigator the Chief Justice argued cases before every level of court in Quebec, quasi-judicial tribunals, as well as the Federal Court and the Supreme Court of Canada. Throughout his legal career, Chief Justice Wagner led initiatives to help lawyers constantly upgrade their skills and knowledge, such as the creation of the Centre d’accès à l’information juridiqueCentre d’accès à l’information juridique in 2002, for which initiative he was awarded the Mérite du Barreau du Québec in 2005. In 2022, in recognition of his longstanding contribution to the cause of justice, the Bar of Montreal awarded him its highest distinction, the Medal of the Bar of Montreal. In addition, for his outstanding contribution to upholding and promoting the rule of law, the World Jurist Association presented him with its Medal of Honor at a ceremony at the United Nations in New York in 2023.

Chief Justice Wagner was appointed a judge of the Superior Court of Quebec in 2004 and was named to the Quebec Court of Appeal in 2011. On October 5, 2012, he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada. He was named the Court’s Chief Justice on December 18, 2017. At his Supreme Court welcoming ceremony, Chief Justice Wagner spoke of the need to for more transparency in the justice system, “Judges and courts must adjust and must explain who they are, what they do and how they do it.”

In that regard, the Chief Justice works very closely with the Supreme Court RegistrarRegistrar. The Court has introduced plain-language summaries of decisions called Cases in BriefCases in Brief and produces an annual report called the Year in Review.Year in Review. The Chief Justice now holds an annual news conference and has directed the Supreme Court, for the first time in its history, to hear cases outside Ottawa. In 2019 it traveled to Winnipeg where it heard two cases and judges conducted activities in the community. The Court conducted a similar trip to Quebec City in 2022.

Chief Justice Wagner is a steadfast advocate for better access to justice for all Canadians. He encourages better funding for legal aid, urges lawyers to do more pro bono work and supports structural reforms to further modernize the justice system.

As a litigator and a judge, the Chief Justice has championed civility in and outside the courtroom, “Even if people reading our decisions don’t agree with an outcome, we have to ensure they respect them. If we let emotion get the best of us, our decisions become suspect, and so do we.” Civility and collegiality were the focus of his speech at the 2019 Cambridge Lectures.2019 Cambridge Lectures.

A passionate defender of the principle of judicial independence, the Chief Justice and Minister of Justice David Lametti signed an AccordAccord in 2019 to formally recognize the Supreme Court’s full independence from the federal Department of Justice. “A judiciary that is independent – and seen to be independent – benefits all Canadians,” said the Chief Justice.

Judicial career

  • Quebec Superior Court for the District of Montréal – September 24, 2004-February 3, 2011
  • Quebec Court of Appeal – February 3, 2011-October 5, 2012
  • Supreme Court of Canada – October 5, 2012-present
  • Chief Justice of Canada – December 18, 2017-present

Legal practice

  • Called to the Quebec Bar (1980)
  • Lavery, de Billy – formerly Lavery, O’Brien and Lavery, Johnston, Clark, Carrière, Mason & Associés (1980-2004)
    • Associate (1980-1987)
    • Partner (1988-2004)

Other professional activities

  • Canadian Bar Association (1980-2004)
    • Board member of Quebec Branch
    • President of the Construction Law Section (among others)
  • Bar of Montréal (1980-2004)
    • Elected positions: Councillor (1998-2000), First Councillor (2000-2001), Bâtonnier (2001-2002)
    • Chair of the Superior Court liaison committee, Chair of the ad hoc committee on Quebec law libraries
  • Barreau du Québec (1980-2004)
    • General Council member
    • Chair of the applications committee, member of several committees (including administration and finance)
  • Canadian College of Construction Lawyers | CCCL (1998-2004)
    • Founding Fellow
  • École du Barreau du Québec
    • Lecturer in trial advocacy (1989-90 and 2001)
    • Lecturer on civil procedure under both the former and new Code of Civil Procedure (2003)
  • Centre d’accès à l’information juridique | CAIJ (2002-2004)
    • Member of Board of Directors and Vice-President
  • Superior Court of Quebec (2004-2011)
    • Sat on several court committees, including judicial practice committee (which oversaw training of newly-appointed judges)
  • Conférence des juges des cours supérieures du Québec (2006-2011)
    • Member of the Board of Directors (2006-2011)
    • President (2009-2011)
  • Canadian Superior Court Judges Association (2011-2012)
    • Member of the Board of Directors
    • Sat on the Judicial Conduct Review Committee and the Remuneration Committee
  • Canadian Judicial Council
    • Chair
  • National Judicial Institute
    • Chair of the Board of Governors
  • Advisory Council for the Order of Canada
    • Chair
  • The Honourable Society of the Middle Temple (2019-present)
    • Honourary Bencher
  • The Honorable Society of King’s Inns (2022-present)
    • Honorary Bencher
  • Friends of the McGill Library (2018-present)
    • Honourary Friend
  • Action Committee on Access to Justice in Civil and Family Matters (2018-present)
    • Honourary President
  • Canadian Institute for Advanced Legal Studies (2020-present)
    • Patron
  • Association des Cours Constitutionnelles Francophones | ACCF (2019-present)
    • President (2019-2022)
    • Member of the Executive Committee (2019-present)
  • Action Committee on Court Operations in Response to COVID-19 (2020-present)
    • Co-Chair

Academic history

  • Diploma of College Studies (DEC), Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf – 1975
  • Bachelor of Social Sciences (B.Soc.Sc.) with major in Political Science, University of Ottawa (cum laude) – 1978
  • Licentiate in Laws (LL.L.), University of Ottawa Faculty of Law (cum laude) – 1979
  • Honorary doctorate, University of Ottawa Faculty of Law – 2019
  • Honorary doctorate, Law Society of Ontario – 2023